Church Reform refers to the movement aimed at improving the practices and beliefs of the Christian Church. It emerged in response to various issues, such as corruption, the sale of indulgences, and the need for a more personal connection to faith. Key figures, like Martin Luther, played a significant role in advocating for changes, leading to the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. The reforms sought to address the moral and spiritual shortcomings within the Church, promoting ideas like the importance of scripture and faith over rituals. This movement resulted in the establishment of new denominations and a lasting impact on Christianity as a whole.