The Chu-Han Contention was a civil war in ancient China that occurred from 206 to 202 BCE. It was fought between the forces of Liu Bang, who later became the founder of the Han Dynasty, and Xiang Yu, a prominent leader of the Chu state. This conflict arose after the fall of the Qin Dynasty, as various factions vied for control over China. The war was marked by several key battles and strategic maneuvers. Ultimately, Liu Bang's forces defeated Xiang Yu, leading to the establishment of the Han Dynasty, which would become one of China's most influential dynasties. The Chu-Han Contention significantly shaped the political landscape of ancient China.