Chromosomal rearrangement refers to changes in the structure of chromosomes, which can occur through various processes such as deletions, duplications, inversions, or translocations. These alterations can affect the genes located on the chromosomes, potentially leading to genetic disorders or contributing to the development of diseases like cancer. Such rearrangements can happen naturally during cell division or can be induced by environmental factors, such as radiation or certain chemicals. Understanding chromosomal rearrangement is crucial in fields like genetics and oncology, as it helps researchers identify the underlying causes of various diseases and develop targeted treatments.