Chroma, often referred to as color intensity or saturation, describes the vividness or purity of a color. It indicates how much a color differs from a neutral gray of the same lightness. High chroma colors appear bright and vibrant, while low chroma colors look more muted or dull. In the context of color theory, chroma is one of the key attributes used to define colors, alongside hue and value. Understanding chroma helps artists and designers create visually appealing compositions by balancing bright and muted colors effectively.