Chinese American history began in the mid-19th century when the first significant wave of Chinese immigrants arrived in the United States, primarily during the California Gold Rush. Many sought economic opportunities and worked in mining, agriculture, and later on the Transcontinental Railroad. Throughout the years, Chinese Americans faced discrimination and exclusion, notably with the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which restricted immigration. Despite these challenges, Chinese Americans contributed to American society and culture, establishing communities and businesses, and playing vital roles in various fields, including politics, arts, and science.