Chemical straightening is a hair treatment that uses specific chemicals to alter the structure of curly or wavy hair, making it straight. The process typically involves applying a relaxer or straightening solution, which breaks down the protein bonds in the hair. After the desired straightness is achieved, a neutralizing solution is applied to restore the hair's pH balance. This method can provide long-lasting results, often lasting several months, depending on hair type and maintenance. However, it is essential to follow up with proper care, as the chemicals can weaken hair and lead to damage if not managed correctly.