The Cheka was the first Soviet state security organization, established in December 1917 after the Russian Revolution. Its primary purpose was to combat counter-revolutionary activities and maintain state security. The Cheka operated under the authority of the Bolshevik government and played a significant role in the Red Terror, a campaign of political repression. Over time, the Cheka evolved into various organizations, eventually becoming the KGB in the 1950s. It was known for its secretive operations and use of surveillance, contributing to the enforcement of the Soviet regime's policies. The legacy of the Cheka remains controversial due to its methods and impact on civil liberties.