The Charter of Medina was a document created by the Prophet Muhammad in 622 CE, establishing a multi-religious Islamic state in Medina. It outlined the rights and responsibilities of the Muslim community and other groups, including Jews and pagans, promoting cooperation and mutual protection among them. This charter is significant as it served as one of the first written constitutions in history, emphasizing the importance of community and governance. It aimed to create a peaceful coexistence among diverse groups, ensuring that all parties respected each other's beliefs and worked together for the common good.