Charles de Gaulle was a French military leader and statesman, best known for his role during and after World War II. He led the Free French Forces against Nazi Germany and later became the head of the French government in exile. De Gaulle was a key figure in the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1958, serving as its first president. As president, de Gaulle implemented significant political and economic reforms, promoting a strong, independent France. He is also known for his foreign policy, which emphasized national sovereignty and reduced reliance on the United States. De Gaulle's legacy continues to influence French politics today.