Charles II of England was born on May 29, 1630, and became king in 1660 after the English Civil War and the subsequent period of republican rule under Oliver Cromwell. His reign, known as the Restoration, marked the return of the monarchy and the Church of England after years of conflict and political upheaval. During his rule, Charles II was known for his charm and love of the arts, fostering a vibrant cultural scene in London. He faced challenges, including political tensions with Parliament and issues related to religion, but he successfully navigated these difficulties, leaving a lasting legacy in British history.