The Challenger Expedition was a scientific voyage conducted from 1872 to 1876 aboard the HMS Challenger. It aimed to explore the deep-sea environment and gather data on oceanography, marine biology, and geology. The expedition is notable for its systematic collection of water samples, temperature measurements, and the discovery of numerous new species. Led by Captain George Nares and scientist Sir Charles Wyville Thomson, the expedition traveled over 68,000 nautical miles, mapping the ocean floor and studying various marine ecosystems. The findings significantly advanced the understanding of oceanic processes and laid the groundwork for modern oceanography.