Cerumen, commonly known as earwax, is a natural substance produced by glands in the ear canal. It serves several important functions, including protecting the ear from dust, debris, and microorganisms. Cerumen also helps to lubricate the ear canal, preventing dryness and irritation. The composition of cerumen varies among individuals and can be influenced by factors such as genetics and environment. It typically consists of a mixture of secretions, dead skin cells, and other debris. While cerumen is beneficial in moderation, excessive buildup can lead to hearing problems or discomfort, necessitating removal by a healthcare professional.