Centrifugal pumps are mechanical devices used to move fluids by converting rotational energy into hydrodynamic energy. They consist of a rotating impeller that spins within a casing, creating a low-pressure area that draws fluid in and pushes it out through a discharge outlet. This design makes them efficient for transporting liquids in various applications, including water supply, irrigation, and industrial processes. These pumps are widely used due to their simplicity and effectiveness. They can handle a range of fluids, from clean water to more viscous liquids, and are often employed in systems like HVAC and chemical processing. Their performance can be influenced by factors such as flow rate and pressure.