Cellular proteins are essential molecules found in all living cells, playing crucial roles in various biological processes. They are made up of long chains of amino acids, which fold into specific shapes to perform their functions. These proteins can act as enzymes, hormones, structural components, or transporters, among other roles, contributing to the overall functioning of the cell. The synthesis of cellular proteins occurs through a process called protein synthesis, which involves DNA transcription and RNA translation. The genetic information encoded in genes directs the assembly of amino acids into proteins, ensuring that cells can respond to their environment and maintain homeostasis.