Cellular physiology is the study of the functions and processes that occur within cells, the basic units of life. It examines how cells maintain homeostasis, communicate with each other, and respond to their environment. Key processes include energy production through cellular respiration, nutrient uptake, and waste removal, all of which are essential for cell survival and function. In addition, cellular physiology explores the roles of various organelles, such as mitochondria for energy production and ribosomes for protein synthesis. Understanding these processes helps scientists and medical professionals develop treatments for diseases and improve overall health by targeting cellular functions.