Cellular components are the various structures that make up a cell, each with specific functions. The main components include the cell membrane, which protects the cell and regulates what enters and exits, and the cytoplasm, a jelly-like substance where many cellular processes occur. Other important structures are the nucleus, which contains genetic material, and organelles like mitochondria, responsible for energy production. Organelles perform specialized tasks essential for cell survival. For example, ribosomes synthesize proteins, while the endoplasmic reticulum helps in the production and transport of these proteins. The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins for distribution, and lysosomes break down waste materials. Together, these components ensure the cell functions efficiently.