The Catholic Reformation, also known as the Counter-Reformation, was a movement within the Roman Catholic Church that began in the late 16th century. It aimed to address issues raised by the Protestant Reformation, which criticized church practices and doctrines. Key elements included the establishment of new religious orders, such as the Jesuits, and the Council of Trent, which clarified Catholic teachings and reformed clerical practices. This movement sought to revitalize the church's spiritual authority and improve its image. It emphasized education, missionary work, and the importance of the sacraments. The Catholic Reformation played a significant role in shaping modern Catholicism and countering the spread of Protestantism in Europe.