Catholic Emancipation refers to the movement in the early 19th century in the United Kingdom aimed at ending the restrictions placed on Catholics. Before this, Catholics faced legal barriers that limited their rights, including holding public office and owning land. The movement gained momentum, leading to the passage of the Catholic Relief Act in 1829, which allowed Catholics to sit in Parliament and hold other public positions. The push for Catholic Emancipation was largely driven by figures like Daniel O'Connell, an Irish political leader who advocated for the rights of Catholics. The successful enactment of the Catholic Relief Act marked a significant step towards religious equality in Britain, influencing future discussions on civil rights and religious freedom.