Catalytic reactors are devices that facilitate chemical reactions by using a substance called a catalyst. A catalyst speeds up the reaction without being consumed in the process, allowing for more efficient production of desired products. These reactors are commonly used in industries such as petrochemicals and pharmaceuticals to enhance reaction rates and reduce energy consumption. In a catalytic reactor, reactants are introduced and come into contact with the catalyst, which promotes the reaction. The design of these reactors can vary, including fixed-bed, fluidized-bed, and continuous-flow types, each suited for different applications and reaction conditions.