Catabolic pathways are metabolic processes that break down larger molecules into smaller units, releasing energy in the process. These pathways are essential for providing the energy needed for various cellular activities. Common examples include the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, which are converted into simpler molecules like glucose and fatty acids. During catabolism, energy stored in chemical bonds is released and can be captured in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary energy currency of cells. This energy is then used to fuel anabolic pathways, which build larger molecules from smaller ones, maintaining the balance of metabolism in living organisms.