Caspases are a family of enzymes that play a crucial role in programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis. They are synthesized as inactive precursors and become activated in response to various cellular signals. Once activated, caspases cleave specific proteins, leading to the systematic dismantling of cellular components. In addition to apoptosis, caspases are involved in inflammation and immune responses. They help regulate the activation of inflammatory cytokines, which are essential for the body's defense mechanisms. Dysregulation of caspase activity can contribute to various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.