Cardiovascular regulation refers to the mechanisms that control blood flow and blood pressure within the body. This process involves the heart, blood vessels, and nervous system, which work together to ensure that tissues receive adequate oxygen and nutrients. Factors such as physical activity, stress, and temperature can influence cardiovascular regulation by altering heart rate and vessel diameter. The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in cardiovascular regulation. It consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, which either increase or decrease heart rate and blood vessel constriction. Hormones like epinephrine also contribute by affecting heart function and blood pressure, ensuring the body responds appropriately to various demands.