Cardiovascular malformations are structural defects in the heart or blood vessels that occur during fetal development. These abnormalities can affect the heart's chambers, valves, or the major arteries and veins, leading to various health issues. Common types include congenital heart defects, which can range from simple conditions that may not require treatment to complex issues needing surgical intervention. These malformations can result in symptoms such as difficulty breathing, fatigue, and poor growth in infants and children. Early diagnosis through imaging techniques like ultrasound or MRI is crucial for effective management and treatment, which may involve medication or surgery to improve heart function and overall health.