Cardiovascular anatomy refers to the structure of the heart and blood vessels that make up the cardiovascular system. The heart, a muscular organ, pumps blood throughout the body and consists of four chambers: the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle. Blood vessels include arteries, which carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart, and veins, which return oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. The cardiovascular system also includes capillaries, tiny vessels where the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients occurs between blood and tissues. The aorta is the largest artery, branching out to supply blood to the body, while the pulmonary arteries carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation. Understanding this anatomy is essential for studying how the body circulates blood and maintains overall health.