Cardiac physiology is the study of how the heart functions to pump blood throughout the body. The heart consists of four chambers: the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle. Blood flows through these chambers in a coordinated manner, driven by electrical signals that trigger heartbeats. The heart's pumping action is regulated by the cardiac cycle, which includes phases of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole). During systole, the ventricles contract to push blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta. During diastole, the heart relaxes, allowing the chambers to fill with blood, ensuring continuous circulation.