Canine vaccines are medical preparations designed to protect dogs from various infectious diseases. They work by stimulating the dog's immune system to recognize and fight off specific pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria. Common vaccines include those for distemper, parvovirus, and rabies, which are essential for a dog's health and often required by law. Vaccination schedules typically start when puppies are around six to eight weeks old and continue until they are about 16 weeks old. Regular booster shots are also necessary to maintain immunity throughout a dog's life. Consulting a veterinarian is crucial for determining the appropriate vaccines for each individual dog.