Canada's oil sands, located primarily in the province of Alberta, are a significant source of crude oil. This resource consists of a mixture of sand, clay, water, and bitumen, a thick and heavy form of oil. The extraction process involves either surface mining or in-situ methods, depending on the depth of the oil sands. The oil sands are one of the largest reserves of crude oil in the world, contributing to Canada's economy and energy supply. However, their extraction and processing raise environmental concerns, including greenhouse gas emissions and impacts on local ecosystems.