A camera sensor is a crucial component in digital cameras that captures light to create images. It converts incoming light into electrical signals, which are then processed to form a photograph. There are two main types of sensors: CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) and CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor). Each type has its advantages, such as image quality and power consumption. The size of the camera sensor can significantly affect image quality. Larger sensors, like full-frame sensors, can capture more light, resulting in better performance in low-light conditions and greater detail. Smaller sensors, such as those found in smartphones, are more compact but may struggle in challenging lighting situations.