Calcium binding proteins are specialized proteins that can bind to calcium ions (Ca²⁺). They play crucial roles in various biological processes, including muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, and cellular signaling. By binding to calcium, these proteins can undergo conformational changes that enable them to interact with other molecules, facilitating important cellular functions. Examples of calcium binding proteins include calmodulin and troponin. Calmodulin is involved in regulating various enzymes and proteins in response to calcium levels, while troponin is essential for muscle contraction. The ability of these proteins to sense and respond to calcium is vital for maintaining cellular health and function.