The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Priority Rules are a set of guidelines used in organic chemistry to determine the priority of substituents attached to a chiral center. These rules help chemists assign the correct configuration of molecules, particularly when distinguishing between R and S configurations. The priority is based on the atomic number of the atoms directly attached to the chiral center; higher atomic numbers receive higher priority. When two substituents have the same atomic number, the priority is determined by examining the next set of atoms in the substituent chain. The rules continue to apply until a difference is found. This systematic approach ensures consistent and accurate representation of molecular structures.