CSS Modules are a way to write CSS that helps avoid naming conflicts by scoping styles to specific components. Each CSS file is treated as a module, meaning that the class names defined in it are unique to that file. This allows developers to use the same class names in different files without worrying about them interfering with each other. When using CSS Modules, styles are imported into JavaScript files, typically in frameworks like React or Vue. This modular approach promotes better organization and maintainability of styles, making it easier to manage large codebases and collaborate with other developers.