CO2 utilization refers to the process of converting carbon dioxide into useful products, thereby reducing its concentration in the atmosphere. This approach aims to mitigate climate change by transforming CO2, a greenhouse gas, into valuable materials such as fuels, chemicals, and building materials. Various technologies are being developed for CO2 utilization, including carbon capture and storage (CCS) and artificial photosynthesis. These methods not only help in managing CO2 emissions but also promote a circular economy by creating sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels and other resources.