CH4, or methane, is a colorless and odorless gas that is the simplest hydrocarbon, consisting of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. It is a significant component of natural gas and is produced through both natural processes, such as the decomposition of organic matter, and human activities, including agriculture and fossil fuel extraction. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, with a much higher heat-trapping ability than CO2 (carbon dioxide) over a short time frame. While it remains in the atmosphere for a shorter duration than carbon dioxide, its impact on climate change is substantial, making its management crucial for environmental sustainability.