The Byzantine Wars refer to a series of military conflicts involving the Byzantine Empire, which existed from the 4th to the 15th century. These wars were fought against various adversaries, including the Sassanian Empire, Arab Caliphates, and later the Ottoman Turks. The conflicts were often driven by territorial disputes, religious differences, and the struggle for power in the Mediterranean region. Throughout its history, the Byzantine Empire faced numerous challenges that tested its military strength and strategic capabilities. Key battles, such as the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, significantly impacted the empire's territorial integrity and influence. Ultimately, these wars contributed to the gradual decline of the Byzantine Empire until its fall in 1453.