Byzantine mosaics are intricate artworks made from small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials, known as tesserae. These mosaics were primarily created during the Byzantine Empire, which lasted from the 4th to the 15th century. They often adorned the walls and ceilings of churches, depicting religious themes, saints, and biblical scenes. The use of mosaics in Byzantine art served both decorative and spiritual purposes. The shimmering surfaces of the tesserae were designed to reflect light, creating a divine atmosphere. Notable examples can be found in the Hagia Sophia and the Church of San Vitale, showcasing the skill and artistry of Byzantine craftsmen.