Byzantine History refers to the period of the Byzantine Empire, which emerged from the eastern part of the Roman Empire after its division in the late 4th century. Centered in its capital, Constantinople, the empire was known for its rich culture, art, and architecture, including the famous Hagia Sophia. The Byzantine Empire played a crucial role in preserving ancient Greek and Roman knowledge. The empire lasted for over a thousand years, facing numerous challenges such as invasions and internal strife. It reached its peak under the reign of Justinian I, who sought to reconquer lost territories and codified Roman law. The empire ultimately fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.