Buddhist Reform refers to movements within Buddhism aimed at revitalizing and modernizing practices and teachings. These reforms often seek to address social issues, adapt to contemporary society, and promote a more engaged form of Buddhism. Key figures in these movements include Buddhist monks and lay practitioners who advocate for changes in monastic rules, education, and community involvement. In the 19th and 20th centuries, various reform movements emerged across Asia, such as Thervada Buddhism in Sri Lanka and Zen Buddhism in Japan. These movements emphasized the importance of meditation, ethical conduct, and social responsibility, aiming to make Buddhism more relevant to modern life while preserving its core teachings.