Bubalus mindorensis, commonly known as the Mindoro dwarf buffalo, is a small species of water buffalo native to the island of Mindoro in the Philippines. It is characterized by its compact size, with adults typically weighing between 300 to 400 kilograms. This species is adapted to a variety of habitats, including forests and grasslands, and primarily feeds on grasses and aquatic plants. The Mindoro dwarf buffalo is classified as critically endangered due to habitat loss and hunting. Conservation efforts are underway to protect its remaining populations and habitat. This species is an important part of the local ecosystem and cultural heritage of the Philippines.