Brown coal, also known as lignite, is a type of coal that is characterized by its brownish color and relatively low carbon content. It is formed from the remains of ancient plants and is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its high moisture content and lower energy density compared to higher-grade coals like bituminous or anthracite. Brown coal is primarily used for electricity generation in power plants. Its extraction and use can have significant environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas emissions and land degradation. Despite these concerns, it remains an important energy source in several countries, particularly in Germany and Australia.