Bronchoconstriction is the tightening of the muscles around the airways in the lungs, which can make breathing difficult. This condition often occurs in response to triggers such as allergens, smoke, or cold air. When the airways constrict, they become narrower, leading to symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. This process is commonly associated with respiratory conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Medications known as bronchodilators are often used to relieve bronchoconstriction by relaxing the airway muscles, allowing for easier airflow and improved breathing.