Brake calipers are essential components of a vehicle's braking system. They house the brake pads and use hydraulic pressure to clamp down on the brake rotors when the driver presses the brake pedal. This action creates friction, which slows down or stops the vehicle. There are two main types of brake calipers: floating calipers and fixed calipers. Floating calipers move in and out to apply pressure evenly on both sides of the rotor, while fixed calipers have pistons on both sides and do not move. Both types are crucial for effective braking performance and safety.