Boolean logic is a form of algebra that uses true or false values, typically represented as 1 and 0. It was developed by mathematician George Boole in the mid-19th century. Boolean logic forms the foundation of modern computer science, enabling computers to perform complex calculations and make decisions based on binary conditions. In Boolean logic, there are three primary operations: AND, OR, and NOT. The AND operation returns true only if both inputs are true, while the OR operation returns true if at least one input is true. The NOT operation inverts the value, turning true into false and vice versa. These operations help in constructing logical statements and algorithms.