Bookbinding is the process of assembling and securing the pages of a book together. It involves several steps, including folding sheets of paper, sewing them together, and attaching a cover. The cover can be made from various materials, such as cloth, leather, or paper, and serves to protect the pages inside. There are different methods of bookbinding, including case binding, which is commonly used for hardcovers, and perfect binding, often seen in paperback books. Each technique has its own advantages and is chosen based on the book's purpose, durability, and aesthetic appeal.