The "Book of Optics," written by the Arab scholar Ibn al-Haytham in the 11th century, is a foundational text in the field of optics. It explores the nature of light, vision, and the properties of lenses, laying the groundwork for modern optical science. The work emphasizes experimental methods and the importance of observation in scientific inquiry. In this influential book, Ibn al-Haytham challenges previous theories about vision, proposing that light travels in straight lines and is reflected off surfaces. His ideas significantly advanced the understanding of how the eye perceives images, influencing later scientists and shaping the study of optics for centuries.