The Boltzmann Equation is a fundamental equation in statistical mechanics that describes the behavior of a gas in terms of its microscopic properties. It relates the distribution of particles in a gas to their velocities and positions, allowing scientists to understand how macroscopic properties, like temperature and pressure, emerge from the interactions of individual particles. This equation is named after the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, who contributed significantly to the field of thermodynamics. The Boltzmann Equation is essential for studying non-equilibrium systems and provides insights into phenomena such as diffusion, heat conduction, and the kinetic theory of gases.