The Bolshevik government emerged after the October Revolution in 1917, when the Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Provisional Government in Russia. This new government aimed to establish a socialist state based on the principles of Marxism, focusing on the needs of the working class and peasants. Under the Bolsheviks, significant changes were implemented, including the nationalization of industry and land redistribution. The government faced internal and external challenges, leading to the Russian Civil War (1917-1922) against various opposing factions. Ultimately, the Bolshevik government laid the foundation for the future Soviet Union.