The Boasian school of anthropology is a theoretical framework founded by Franz Boas in the early 20th century. It emphasizes the importance of cultural relativism, arguing that cultures should be understood on their own terms rather than judged by the standards of another culture. This approach promotes the idea that human behavior is shaped by cultural context rather than biological determinism. Boas and his students, including notable figures like Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict, focused on ethnographic fieldwork to gather data about diverse cultures. They advocated for a holistic understanding of societies, considering factors such as history, environment, and social structure in their analyses.