Bisphosphonates are a class of medications primarily used to treat conditions that affect bone density, such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease. They work by inhibiting the activity of cells called osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone resorption. By slowing down this process, bisphosphonates help to maintain or increase bone mass, reducing the risk of fractures. These medications can be taken orally or administered through injections, depending on the specific drug and patient needs. Common examples of bisphosphonates include alendronate, risedronate, and zoledronic acid. While generally effective, they may have side effects, such as gastrointestinal issues or, in rare cases, jaw problems.