Birth rates refer to the number of live births in a specific population over a certain period, usually expressed per 1,000 people per year. This measure helps demographers and policymakers understand population growth and demographic changes. High birth rates can indicate a young population, while low birth rates may suggest an aging population or social factors affecting family size. Factors influencing birth rates include economic conditions, access to education, and cultural attitudes toward family and child-rearing. Countries with strong healthcare systems and family planning resources often experience lower birth rates, while those with limited access may see higher rates.