Biofilms are communities of microorganisms, such as bacteria, that adhere to surfaces and are embedded in a protective matrix of their own secretions. These structures can form on various surfaces, including natural environments like rivers and oceans, as well as man-made surfaces like medical devices and pipes. Biofilms can be beneficial, aiding in nutrient cycling, but they can also cause problems, such as infections and equipment corrosion. The formation of a biofilm typically begins with the attachment of single cells to a surface, followed by cell division and the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). This matrix helps the cells stick together and provides protection from environmental stresses, including antibiotics and the immune system. Understanding biofilms is crucial in fields like medicine and environmental science.